At the 20th Frankfurt Book Fair, my first Book Fair as part of the organizational team, I participated only as an observer. As a new colleague in the exhibition department, I was not directly involved in the work of the Fair, though here and there I did my part with smaller tasks and errands. I could therefore look at the events on the fairgrounds with a certain cool composure.

It was quite the opposite for Sigfred Taubert, who despite all declarations to the contrary was deeply affected in his self-understanding as director of the Fair, something which in my opinion a few years later factored into his decision to take an early retirement.

Please read the rest at Locus International website…

Chapter 6: Going Home Again

They say that life moves forward in seven-year segments.

My childhood, the period from birth to age 7, 1938 to 1945, I can call nothing other than “happy.” The war seemed to be an adventure. Thanks to my parents’ care, I didn’t suffer any need. The bomb attacks on Berlin up until 1942 were exciting events for a young boy, who several times stood alongside the shelter supervisor at the door of the air-raid shelter to get a good look at the lights from the so-called “Christmas trees,” artificial illumination that was dropped to light up the bombing targets.

Read the rest of this story at Locus International website…

One day in March 2000, I arrived at Frankfurt. I had had an appointment to meet a friend for a date which we had set up 6 months earlier.

In March, Frankfurt is much colder than in October, when the annual book fair is held, so it was a chilly Springtime. Unfortunately, my visit only lasted for two days. On one of the afternoons, my friend and I sat and talked near a glass window of a hotel with the sunshine streaming down, and this left me with many warm memories.

This friend had just retired from a job he had worked at for 25 years. I felt this tall guy looked different from the past. He was wearing a leather jacket now, when he always would wear suits. Another marked difference was that two or three days before my arrival, he had hurt his right arm so he could only move slowly.

But he shared with me some good news. Just a few months earlier, at the turn of the Millennium, a French media outlet had selected the most influential Europeans over the past 20 years. Among them, there were several Germans. One was the former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, the second was the 1999 Nobel Prize-winning German author Günter Grass, and the third one was my dear friend, Peter Weidhaas.

Peter Weidhass retired in 1999 and the Frankfurt Book Fair held a massive retirement party for him. The headlines of German newspapers and magazines read: “Mr. Book Fair Retires!” and “The Godfather of the Book Fair Steps Down!” He really deserved to be chosen as of the most influential Europeans by that French media outlet. For 25 years in his job as the director of the Frankfurt Book Fair, he not only turned it into a mecca of publishing events, but he also influenced the culture of publishing worldwide.

Peter was born in 1938. When he was a teenager, it was just after World War II had ended. Germany was beginning to rebuild their economy, so German fathers were extremely busy working and didn’t have time to take care of their children. They had to rely on tradition for children to obey their orders. Peter grew up in this kind of environment, so he “hated everything that had happened in this society but had no courage to do anything about it.” He became a rebellious student at school and was finally expelled. He was seeking direction for his life, so he began reading. On his quest, he read a lot. Reading helped him find the meaning of life and it also made him fall into another depression, one of self-suspicion and self-hatred, because of the cruel fact of the Holocaust, that the Nazis had killed so many Jews during World War II, and this awful truth began to weigh heavily down upon him. He started to feel the incredible burden of his own culture’s original sin. He couldn’t understand it and became angry. Why did his country Germany and his fellow German citizens become involved in these terrible crimes? In the end, he fought his family, country and language. Finally, he left Germany on a long self-exile in Europe for many years.

His wandering lifestyle brought him many difficulties, but there was romance, too. Many years later he recalled, “At the end of a very busy day, when you put your weary head on your pillow, you still don’t know what tomorrow will bring…maybe you’ll wind up in Northern France at a monastery in a single room, sleeping on a French-style bed together with 12 dark-skinned lumberjacks or…maybe you’ll be in a Italian holiday villa, sleeping with three Italian girls who you met on the beach and they chose you as their lucky bed companion, or you have to run away from a cottage because a group of frenzied Turkish soldiers have come to check on what strangers are there, or maybe you’re at the Seine River in a cheap hotel that only cost a few bucks so you can spend the night in Paris.”

During those times, he worked at a bookstore as a clerk and also did a little construction work. He was crazy in love with a Danish girl, so he followed her back to Denmark. Because he wanted to settle down there, he joined her family’s business, a book printing house. As it turned out, they didn’t get married. But because he of his experience working in printing, he had the chance to get involved with the book publishing business.

After that, his crazy odyssey ended and he decided to return home to Germany. It was 1968 and there was a huge wave of counter-culture sweeping Germany and the world. However, the once angry young man chose a different way from the others and entered the mainstream of society, joining the Frankfurt Book Fair as an assistant for an exhibition. The company sent him to South America to work and after that he came back to Germany. Then, in 1974, he became the director of the Frankfurt Book Fair. He evolved from a vagabond into a man who would be building the biggest book fair in the globe and one of the most powerful men in the world of book publishing. Furthermore, he evolved from a man who totally rejected his own culture and country into a man who promotes Germany and its culture.

He wrote all these things down in his lively autobiography, which was originally called, “Writing Your Anger In The Dust of the Bookshelves.” When I published his Chinese edition, the Chinese title of it was “Angry Book Dust.”

The first time I met Peter Weidhaas was in 1989, when I was in charge of the China Times Publishing Company. At that time, Taiwan wanted to clean up the book piracy problem that tarnished our reputation. The Taiwan government revised a law to protect foreign writers’ copyrights. The economy of Taiwan was strengthening, so those in the publishing community wanted to increase their contact with international publishing society. New businesses, such as copyright agencies, also started in Taiwan. The GIO (Government Information Office) came to talk with me at that time and wanted the China Times Publishing Company to organize a Taiwan Pavilion at the Frankfurt Book Fair.

Anyone who attends the Frankfurt Book Fair for the first time always feels shocked. In that era, as the paper book publishers were very lively and exciting, it was even more true. So, overwhelmed by so much information and strong impressions, I , as the organizer of “ Taipei Publishers’ Community,” went to have a meeting with Peter Weidhaas.

We gradually got to be acquainted with each other from the meetings he had every fifteen minutes during Frankfurt Book Fair. Later, we got to know each other better and we became friends. We always met at book fairs around the world. During our time at the book fairs, it always was tiring and exhausting. So, to see each other and have some drinks together became quite a relaxation for us. We exchanged thoughts about our work and lives. It was so interesting to see the differences and similarities through comparisons between Eastern and Western cultures. But what most impressed me happened in 1995, when I was bothered and exhausted by some power struggles within my company. On the way to a restaurant to have dinner together, Peter suddenly began talking about the power struggles he had been facing in his own company. He told me that no matter how great he looked or how much he was applauded from the outside, actually he had to fight very hard with his company’s board members just to survive. That night, we talked and drank a lot. Actually, I learned a lot from him, from how to organize a successful book fair to how to organize my own bookshelves at home. He even taught me how to solve difficult love problems.

Peter always said, “The pressures of a book fair’s director are beyond one’s imagination.”

The pressures of the book fair involve time and space. With regard to time, every book fair lasts four or five days or, at most, one week. A whole year’s preparation is only for a few days, which puts a lot of stress on the person doing this job. Another issue is the allocation of the stands. Everyone joining the exhibition hopes that they can get the best position in a limited area, so this also raises the tension of the job.

Beyond time and place pressures, political pressures also enter into the equation once the book fair becomes successful. In addition to its economic gains, namely making money, there is also a cultural impact and influence which will attract many types of people who want to get involved in the book fair. So Peter said,

“There are even some book fairs that are only organized to make some people into stars, so each book fair’s director, whether the book fair is small or large, faces great pressures.”

For Peter, there are two sides to the pressures of being the director of Frankfurt Book Fair. One comes from the outside, from America and Britain with their strong powers. American publishers have immense influence and always ask for special privileges at the Frankfurt Book Fair, but Peter believes the Frankfurt Book Fair should be a level playing field for all and that the fair should be shared equally with publishers from around the world. In recent years, some book fairs sprang up and tried to challenge Frankfurt Book Fair, which made the issue even more complicated. Another problem comes from the inside, because his personal achievements are too strong and so is the influence of the Frankfurt Book Fair, so there are always others competing and waiting in the wings to assume his position.

Now, looking back, we can see that Peter as host of this book fair had achieved more than a few successes. Firstly, he could survive these great pressures and pass smoothly through his 25 years as Frankfurt Book Fair director (during which time, two of his colleagues couldn’t handle the stress and committed suicide). Secondly, he could effectively deal with strong cultures like the Americans and the British and continuously attract them to join the book fair and make the Frankfurt Book Fair into the book fair of book fairs. Thirdly, he made it the rule that every culture has an equal opportunity to join the book fair. Fourthly, he had a highly efficient team running the show so every year the book fair had over 100 countries and 7,000 publishers joining it and an annual attendance rate of some 250,000 people. The exhibition covered 8 stalls but the whole book fair only had 50 workers handling it.
Of course, there was a price to pay. Before his retirement, I often saw two of his left fingers shaking slightly. After his retirement, I noticed his left hand was no longer shaking and I told him about it. He said “Yes” happily.

Once I asked him, “How can you survive under such great pressures?”

He replied, “I was exiled from my society and then decided to return to it, so I can’t let the society beat me up again and have me go into self-exile once more.”

This could be the basic reason. But I believe there’s another one. The book fair position is very suitable for his personality. At every book fair he attended around the planet, I’d always see him at the bar in a hotel drinking his favorite vodka. At that time, you can see his true personality. He is a hero in the publishing world, but he is also just a vagabond who wanders around the world with the romantic thoughts on his mind.

In the first year of his retirement, I met him for the first time I got to have lunch with him instead of only a 15-minute appointment at the Frankfurt Book Fair. I asked him how he felt. He said for the past 25 years, that this was the first time he could truly have the chance to clearly see his own book fair. Over the past 25 years, he was confined to his meeting room to meet people every fifteen minutes for most of the time. When he entered the fair, he was always in a hurry to meet his next appointment and never had the opportunity to stop and experience the book fair. Now he could easily walk through the crowds to enjoy the busy excitement like a ordinary person, stopping at whichever stand that attracted him. He pointed to books on the table and said that whenever somebody recognized him, they gave him books.

I looked at him, this prisoner who had been confined in a conference room for 25 years. Anything that reaches its extremes has a special feeling all its own. That day I walked a little while with the prisoner into the crowds. On the one hand, I wanted to share his secret feeling, and on the other hand, I wanted to feel his feelings about the book fair more closely.

It’s true that in Peter’s hands, the Frankfurt Book Fair became a very unique book fair. It changed in quality because of the quantity. It’s a really huge one so it can’t be compared to any other book fair. It’s so big that not only is he the Godfather of Book Fairs but anyone joining this book fair unwittingly becomes a prisoner of the fair as they only have a limited amount of time, which is not enough time to see it all.

I’ve been going to the Frankfurt Book Fair for 17 years and I’ve gone through three stages in learning how to use this book fair. In the early years, I didn’t have a firm idea about it and I didn’t know many people. So there was time and freedom to move and look around which always brought some surprising results. The second stage was that I became familiar with it and knew many people who I’d see there. My schedule was always fully booked and everyday I was chasing after the rights I wanted to buy (most of them were the titles in English). After this stage, almost the same time as Peter retired, I also didn’t want to become a prisoner of copyright chasing and buying. I intentionally arranged some more free time. And even if there were no surprises in my wandering around, that’s still alright and I feel good.

It doesn’t matter which one of the three stages is good or bad, it just depends on one’s personal feeling and needs. That’s why Peter said that everyone coming to the Frankfurt Book Fair can open a book fair of his own. It is true.

In the past two years, I have been involved in the Taipei International Book Exhibition (TIBE). And from the beginning, Peter strongly objected to my involvement. He said to me, “The book fair will swallow you up. You are a publisher and you don’t need to do that.”

I don’t recall if I explained to him why I didn’t listen to him. I had several reasons, but one of them was because I knew him.

I wanted to have more chances to observe this book fair magician’s experiences and personal thoughts.

Here’s an example of what I mean:

In 2004, at the Frankfurt Book Fair, I discussed with him about how to cope with the people who have differing points of view about how should our book fair develop. “We must fight for them,” he said. I thought I misheard him so I asked him, “Do you mean, ‘We must fight AGAINST them’?” “No,” he told me, “we must fight FOR them.”

I asked him why. When there are different opinions, isn’t it right that we should fight hard to convince each other?

He gave me an example. He said that during the Cold War, Russian and Eastern European publishers joined the Frankfurt Book Fair very actively. In order not to lose their face, the Soviet government paid a lot of money to subsidize Eastern European publishers to join it. But after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the USSR, nobody supported those publishers and no one from that area could join the book fair. Two opinions arose about this. One was to just let the market function by itself. When they afford to come in the future, they could join the fair without any help. But Peter had a different opinion. He thought they should be more positive and proactive, that since Britain, America and Western European countries would certainly want to enter the Russian and Eastern European market in the future, so the Frankfurt Book Fair should play a more positive and facilitative role between them. So in addition to giving support and help to the publishers in Russia and Eastern Europe, he also sent many professionals to Russia and Eastern Europe to hold seminars and forums to help local publishers there to learn how to work in a free market, or a capitalist way .

After that, there were many wonderful and successful publishers who blossomed in these areas. When he told me this, he was smiling and said, “I just met a Russian publisher at the book fair. He said that he has to thank me very much for all his business.”

Peter wanted to tell me that when our opinions differ from others, we had better help those people carry out a way which they didn’t believe exist instead of just arguing with them and persuading them to agree with us. So we must fight FOR them, not AGAINST them.

His ideas not only helped me in thinking about how to do book fairs better but also regarding how to be a better book publisher.

But of all his suggestions, I believe he thinks the most important point (as I do now) is not about work but about living.

Two pieces of advice he gave me have had a deep impression upon me:

He once told me to pay more attention in my relationship with my children “No matter how many important books you have published, don’t forget your children are THE most important publications of yours.”

Another time, last summer, he wrote to me urging me to take a vacation,
“Listen to your adviser: Stop for a while from your working activities and go with your family on holidays, too – you deserve it and you need it (that you will feel only after you have relaxed!)”

I did listen to him and took a long vacation which I didn’t have for a long long time.

□
Once I heard from one of his interviews where he talked about all his years of traveling around the world, and how to face saying goodbye to people. Peter said, “We separate, so we meet again.” Actually, before this interview, I noticed that no matter how excited we were to see each other and talk together, when the time came to say good bye to each other, he always just said a very short “ Ciao” or “So long”, and then turned around and left without ever looking back. After hearing “We separate, so we meet again.” I started to enjoy the feeling of separating with Peter.

It seems you will never see this man again.
It also seems you will see him tomorrow once again.

* When Peter wrote a book helping us to understand the Frankfurt Book Fair better, I wrote this article to help readers to have a greater understanding of this writer.

Read more in the book, See You in Frankfurt.


Title: A Riot at the Book Fair
Author: Peter Weidhaas
Year: 1968


At the 20th Frankfurt Book Fair, my first Book Fair as part of the organizational team, I participated only as an observer. As a new colleague in the exhibition department, I was not directly involved in the work of the Fair, though here and there I did my part with smaller tasks and errands. I could therefore look at the events on the fairgrounds with a certain cool composure.

It was quite the opposite for Sigfred Taubert, who despite all declarations to the contrary was deeply affected in his self-understanding as director of the Fair, something which in my opinion a few years later factored into his decision to take an early retirement.

I was cool and collected, but I was certainly far from being able to get a general picture of things. In my memory, I see myself drawn again and again into excited and wildly gesticulating discussion groups. Due to the crowded corridors in the Fair, it was not possible to be at all moments at the center of the action, and so most of the time I tried to find out in the offices of the Fair management when and where something had actually happened. However, hundreds of disgruntled exhibitors and Fair visitors were on the same mission. The result was that here as well as outside in the halls the chaos unfolded like a giant battle royale, in which otherwise well-mannered and respectable people suddenly lost their composure and advanced on the supervisors with wild screams in order to register their complaints, their problems, and their demands.

Once I grabbed a well-known author by the arm as he insisted with choleric hiccups on seeing the fair director on the spot, followed by an old publisher who was foaming at the mouth. Then I started in with the words “whoever is screaming is wrong” in a counterattack on an excited contemporary (the author of The Revolution Releases its Children), whom the bookkeeper Ingrid Lenz was holding onto tightly. Snarling with rage, he then turned on me and would not let go of my jacket collar for a good ten minutes. An unholy bedlam reigned over the entire Fair, and hardly anybody could carry out any business dealings, which was the supposed reason for their being here.

Only at the end of each day of the Fair could we employees pry from a visibly exhausted Fair director just what had happened that day. On the following morning we received the reports in the press that were played out with relish, but which seriously differed from the internal reports.

The Book Fair began on a Thursday, and went relatively smoothly with regard to the practical matters of the Fair. The supervisory board of the Exposition and Fair Company and the management of the German Publishers Association basically had the building on lock-down after the previous year’s spontaneous demonstrations against the right-wing publisher Axel-Springer and the occupation of the Greek national stall. The security arrangements were very intrusive. Every visitor was affected and had to undergo heightened security checks when entering the fairgrounds. Placards and signs were confiscated at the entrance.

The Fair management and the supervisory board had decided on another classic measure. Groups of hundreds of policemen were stationed on the fairgrounds with all their standard equipment of police cars, paddy wagons, water cannon and riot shields.

On Friday the author, Minister of Finance and controversial politician Franz-Josef Strauss, insisted on giving an interview to German television at the stand of the Seewald Verlag. An apprehensive Sigfred Taubert accompanied the Minister through a below-ground entrance to the site of his appearance. Then, without any seeming provocation, he ordered the police to remove the waiting German and foreign journalists. Apparently in the group he had seen the two Socialist German Student Union leaders Daniel Cohn-Bendit and Hans-Jürgen Krahl and a half-dozen others who appeared to be protesters.

In his memoirs here is the way it reads:

“I took the megaphone… and looked at the crowd, where Daniel Cohn-Bendit and Hans-Jürgen Krahl were setting the tone. I suffered under no illusion that I could achieve anything with my words. I was powerless against the crowd. In vain I demanded that the corridor in which the publishing booth was located should be kept clear.”

While this confrontation was limited to the immediate area of the Seewald Verlag in the large Hall 5 (today Hall 8), on the following day, a Saturday, the situation got much worse in Hall 6, where German belles-lettres was located.

The Socialist German Student Union (the Sozialistische Deutsche Studentenbund or SDS) had called for a teach-in on Saturday, September 21, 1968, at 4 PM, in Hall 6, stall 1148 of the Diedrich Verlag, a company which had published the works of that year’s recipient of the peace prize Léopold Senghor. The teach-in was to discuss his important role in his own country and the Afro-American revolution in general.

Taubert:

“If we assumed the passive attitude of a well-intentioned Fair management, I could not count on the literary publishing houses set up in Hall 6 being able to withstand an hours-long SDS program. I also doubted how they might greet such a passive attitude from management. I finally settled on the tactic of direct intervention.”

And so at 2 PM, the time at which the general public had access to the Fair, he had Hall 6 closed by the police. Whoever was already inside had to remain inside, and whoever was outside could not get in. Only exhibitors and journalists were exempted from this regulation. Only one person, who was neither the one nor the other, got into Hall 6 without being bothered by the police and soon left again—the chairman of the neo-Nazi NPD party Adold von Thadden, who had apparently gotten in with a press pass. It was obvious that this sideshow had great symbolic power, and it was played up by the press and by protesters with great fanfare.

Indescribable scenes played out at the entrances to the Hall. Whoever is familiar with the highly sensitive public intellectuals of our Fair can imagine the reaction elicited by such sudden restrictions on their freedom of movement.

When Sigfred Taubert finally understood that the teach-in under the given circumstances affected only small parts of Hall 6, he had the police withdrawn and the Hall reopened.

It got even worse the next day, Sunday. Before and during the celebrations around the awarding of the Frankfurt Book Fair Peace Prize to Léopold Sédar Senghor, serious street battles with the police broke out. The SDS led a full charge against the ceremony’s attendees under the publicity-savvy leadership of the Parisian May agitator Daniel Cohn-Bendit. Honored guests, such as the German Federal President Heinrich Lübke and his wife Wilhelmine and the prize-winner himself, could be brought safely into St. Paul’s only under unprecedented security measures.

At the end of the ceremony, the major portion of the demonstrators started moving toward the Fair. That completely wrecked the director’s nerves, and Taubert ordered that the eastern entrance of the Fair, the one closest to the city, be closed.

The decision was understandable. Once it was decided to maintain order with the traditional state mechanisms, it was not possible to change course and move gradually to more flexible measures as the clashes escalated. In addition, the organizers felt truly exposed. The main bulk of the police force had been withdrawn into the city, and only the common Fair guards and a few dozen officials had remained at the fairgrounds. The turn of events had instilled in everyone a siege mentality. The only course of action left was to raise the drawbridges, strengthen the walls and pray for reinforcements.

These came just in time in the form of several hundred policemen. Now the civil war in miniature that had broken out at St. Paul’s continued at the entrances to the Fair. The demonstrators tried to scale the fences and storm the gates. A Hall guard was severely injured as he rushed to close off a side gate against the storm of students (to be sure, the injury was caused by a police car, a fact which was not always clear in the reports published afterward). Flags of exhibitor countries were ripped down, and everywhere it came to hand-to-hand combat. It is obvious that under such circumstances the orderly flow of normal Fair business could not be guaranteed. The Fair management and the German Publishers Association came under heavy pressure from an influential group of publishers because of how the police had been used. These publishers either closed their stalls or threatened to withdraw altogether. For three hours the Fair entrance was closed, but shortly before the end of the Fair on this eventful Sunday, it was reopened.

A sensitive instrument like the Frankfurt Book Fair, which lives on unrestricted communication, and the easy contacts made among the professional public, could only have been wounded to the core by all the violence.

[You can read the rest of this story in Peter Weidhaas's LIFE BEFORE LETTERS!]


TITLE: Discovering a Peculiar Species of "Book Person"
AUTHOR: Peter Weidhaas
First Frankfurt: 1966


The year was 1966. In Copenhagen I climbed into my old VW Beetle and traveled to the Danish–German border near Flensburg, still relaxed and calm. From there I moved south on the German highways with the aggressiveness that prevails on those roads, and I became increasingly tense. I can still picture myself taking the western exit from the freeway and rolling on toward Frankfurt, which even then was a Mecca for “book people.” On the way I had picked up a hitchhiker who was striving toward the same goal. It took us many agonizing minutes to find a parking space, and to find our way to the fair. We both approached the big hall shyly and curiously. Inside throngs of publishers and book dealers circled among the stands loaded with thousands of books that met their many interests. This was an active and multi-layered community, one whose members varied significantly by skin color, sex, clothing and disposition, but which somehow managed to cohere as a group, and even speak a common tongue—though the languages one heard were mostly incomprehensible. Something bound these people together, they who from the outside looked so different and acted so differently from “normal” human beings.

What I experienced here was a community of individualists, who wrote books, produced books, sold books, read books—books of fantasy, books of science, books for study, for use, for enjoyment, useful books, useless books, picture books, children’s books, photo books—books for reflection, books for enjoyment, provocative books, political books—and ugly ones too, stupid ones, seductive ones, and even repulsive ones (though one didn’t know where to draw the boundaries, and these books were accepted and defended on the principle of freedom of expression). It was my discovery of this species of “book person” that made my first visit to the Frankfurt Book Fair so noteworthy.

With regard to my quest, I got lucky at this Fair very quickly. I found what was for my qualifications a well-paid job as a production manager at the scientific and medical specialty publishing house of Georg Thieme in Stuttgart. After I completed my move from Copenhagen to Stuttgart, I soon began my new job there.

I took a second decisive step in the summer of 1968, when I joined the organizational team of the Frankfurt Book Fair, and from then on for seven years I managed exhibitions of German books around the world. I tried to understand the cultures in which I wanted to introduce German knowledge, and fast became interested in their literature as well. I learned how to be a representative and how to cut a good figure in front of ambassadors, ministers and government officials. I acquired the ability to deal with and to communicate with great authors, politicians and intellectuals.

It was the most comprehensive training for the posts of a director of the Frankfurt Book Fair imaginable, although naturally that was not the intended goal of my activity while presenting German editions abroad. Nobody imagined, and certainly not I, where this career would lead.

But then came that day in the summer of 1973. To the astonishment of all the people who had followed the discussion regarding the successor to Sigfred Taubert, then current director of the Book Fair, I, the youngest among the applicants, was chosen to lead and to develop the Frankfurt Book Fair, a task which would be mine for the next quarter century.

[You can read the rest of this story in Peter Weidhaas's SEE YOU IN FRANKFURT!]